[624][625] In 196168 Sergey Bondarchuk directed an Oscar-winning film adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's epic War and Peace, which was the most expensive film made in the Soviet Union. (. Winter precipitation in most parts of the country usually falls as snow. "We also have to understand that it's extraordinarily threatening to Russia to have such a big military alliance that's armed to the teeth so close to the Russian border [editor's note: if NATO were to expand]." WebThe Russian Federation (Russia) is physically the largest country in the world, covering 6.6 million square miles and 11 time zones over its 6,000-mile length. [580] Mikhail Bulgakov was one of the leading writers of the Soviet era. There is also the Russian language department, where students can scrutinize e-books without internet connection. [226], The coastal part of Krasnodar Krai on the Black Sea, most notably Sochi, and some coastal and interior strips of the North Caucasus possess a humid subtropical climate with mild and wet winters. IV kvartal 2020, Analytical Center for the Government of the Russian Federation, "Russian samovars make tea-time distinctive tradition", "The high life: How to get to Ostankino Tower and what to do there", "EISENSTEIN, Sergei - BATTLESHIP POTEMKIN - 1925 Russia", "Sergei Eisenstein: How the "Father of Montage" Reinvented Cinema", "All-Union State Institute of Cinematography", "Yale film scholar on Dziga Vertov, the enigma with a movie camera", "The Revival of Russia's Cinema Industry", "How Maria Sharapova Earned $285 Million During Her Tennis Career", "Classics: Soviet Union vs Netherlands, 1988", "Sporting-CSKA Moskva: watch their 2005 final", "How a brilliant Zenit Saint Petersburg lifted the UEFA Cup in 2008", "Euro 2008: Russia v Spain as it happened", "2018 FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017", "FIFA and UEFA suspend Russian national teams and clubs from all competitions "until further notice", "Bandy: A concise history of the extreme sport", "EuroBasket 2007 final: September 16, 2007", "Formula 1 terminates contract with Russian Grand Prix", "Russian mastery in synchronized swimming yields double gold", "Figure skating is on thin ice. [84] Another Northern dialectal morphological feature is a post-posed definite article -to, -ta, -te similarly to that existing in Bulgarian and Macedonian. [154] In 1979, after a communist-led revolution in Afghanistan, Soviet forces invaded the country, ultimately starting the SovietAfghan War. [7] In 2009, it recorded annual population growth for the first time in fifteen years; and since the 2010s, Russia has seen increased population growth due to declining death rates, increased birth rates and increased immigration. Old New Year is celebrated on 14 January. [84], In the Southern Russian dialects, instances of unstressed /e/ and /a/ following palatalized consonants and preceding a stressed syllable are not reduced to [] (as occurs in the Moscow dialect), being instead pronounced [a] in such positions (e.g. [420], According to the World Tourism Organization, Russia was the sixteenth-most visited country in the world, and the tenth-most visited country in Europe, in 2018, with over 24.6 million visits. [433] In 2019, the total fertility rate across Russia was estimated to be 1.5 children born per woman,[434] which is below the replacement rate of 2.1, and is one of the world's lowest fertility rates. Analysis", "Oil Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Gas Market and Russian Supply Russian supplies to global energy markets Analysis", "Russia formally joins Paris climate pact", "Is Russia finally getting serious on climate change? Emergency personnel work at the site where an apartment block was heavily damaged by a Russian missile strike, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, in Dnipro, Ukraine January 15, 2023. [62], In Ukraine, Russian is a significant minority language. Federal regions also have their own departments of health that oversee local administration. [509], Russia has eightpublic, patriotic, and religiousofficial holidays. [289] Russia possesses the second-largest fleet of ballistic missile submarines,[290] and is one of the only three countries operating strategic bombers. [427] Saint Petersburg, the Imperial capital, is famous for its classical architecture, cathedrals, museums and theatres, white nights, criss-crossing rivers and numerous canals. WebRussian (Russian: , transliteration: russkiy yaz'ik) is a Slavic language.It is the main language spoken in Russia.It is also spoken by many people in other parts of the former Soviet Union, such as in Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Latvia, Lithuania, Turkmenistan and Estonia.. Russian, like other Russia is among the world's most educated countries, and has the sixth-highest proportion of tertiary-level graduates in terms of percentage of population, at 62.1%. [528] The turn of the 20th century saw the rise of symbolism; represented by Mikhail Vrubel and Nicholas Roerich. Once commonly used by the majority of those living outside Russia, transliteration is being used less frequently by Russian-speaking typists in favor of the extension of Unicode character encoding, which fully incorporates the Russian alphabet. During this period of rapid economic and social change, millions of people were sent to penal labor camps, including many political convicts for their suspected or real opposition to Stalin's rule;[118] and millions were deported and exiled to remote areas of the Soviet Union. [3] It is the most spoken native language in Europe, the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, as well as the world's most widely spoken Slavic language. WebRussian is an East Slavic language of the wider Ino-European family. [102] In early 1917, Nicholas II was forced to abdicate; he and his family were imprisoned and later executed in Yekaterinburg during the Russian Civil War. 44,000 entries lexically grouped; attempt to catalogue the full vernacular language. [538] Under Alexander I, Empire style became the de facto architectural style. 992/2020 Russian Federation Constitution", "Suspending Disbelief: 'Cults' and Postmodernism in Post-Soviet Russia", " : vs ", "Scythian Neo-Paganism in the Caucasus: The Ossetian Uatsdin as a 'Nature Religion', " ' ', "Freedom of Conscience in Russia: Restrictions and Challenges in 2020", "Jehovah's Witnesses as Extremists: The Russian State, Religious Pluralism, and Human Rights", "Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Russian Federation", "Government expenditure on education, total (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Early childhood care and education in the Russian Federation", "Russian rivieia: from Soviet sanatoriums to lush gardens, your walking guide to seaside Sochi", "Constraints on Universal Health Care in the Russian Federation", United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, "Healthcare in Russia: the Russian healthcare system explained", "Current health expenditure (% of GDP) Russian Federation", "Analysis of the Financing of Russian Health Care over the Past 100 Years", International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, "Life expectancy and Healthy life expectancy, data by country", "Mortality rate, infant (per 1,000 live births) Russian Federation", "Why does Russia have such high cardiovascular mortality rates? WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. [430] It had a population of 142.8 million according to the 2010 census,[431] which rose to roughly 145.5 million as of 2022. [44] Rurik's son Igor and Igor's son Sviatoslav subsequently subdued all local East Slavic tribes to Kievan rule, destroyed the Khazar Khaganate,[52] and launched several military expeditions to Byzantium and Persia. ", " : . [51] The 2009 census states that 482,200 people speak Russian as a native language, or 8.99% of the population. Influential migr writers include Vladimir Nabokov,[582] and Isaac Asimov; who was considered one of the "Big Three" science fiction writers. Russia's vast coastline along the Arctic Ocean and the Russian Arctic islands have a polar climate. [473] It grants free education to its citizens by constitution. [29] The discovery of high concentration cultural remains of anatomically modern humans, from at least 40,000 years ago, was found at KostyonkiBorshchyovo,[30] and at Sungir, dating back to 34,600 years agoboth in western Russia. km of land area)", "Fertility rate, total (births per woman) Russian Federation", "Russia's Putin seeks to stimulate birth rate", "Migrants Welcome: Is Russia Trying To Solve Its Demographic Crisis By Attracting Foreigners? [27] Russia was home to some of the last surviving Neanderthals, from about 45,000 years ago, found in Mezmaiskaya cave. [citation needed] Despite the formalization of Standard Russian, some nonstandard dialectal features (such as fricative [] in Southern Russian dialects) are still observed in colloquial speech. [426], Moscow, the nation's cosmopolitan capital and historic core, is a bustling megacity. The large service sector accounts for 62% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (32%), while the agricultural sector is the smallest, making up only 5% of total GDP. [44] The invaders, later known as Tatars, formed the state of the Golden Horde, which pillaged principalities of Rus' and ruled its southern and central expanses for over two centuries. [59]:1120 While still under the domain of the Mongol-Tatars and with their connivance, Moscow began to assert its influence in the region in the early 14th century,[60] gradually becoming the leading force in the "gathering of the Russian lands". This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 09:02. The results showed that 47.3% of Russians declared themselves Christians including 41% Russian Orthodox, 1.5% simply Orthodox or members of non-Russian Orthodox churches, 4.1% unaffiliated Christians, and less than 1% Old Believers, Catholics or Protestants 25% were believers without affiliation to any specific religion, 13% were atheists, 6.5% were Muslims,[b] 1.2% were followers of "traditional religions honouring gods and ancestors" (Rodnovery, other Paganisms, Siberian shamanism and Tengrism), 0.5% were Buddhists, 0.1% were religious Jews and 0.1% were Hindus. A separate private health insurance plan is needed to access private healthcare in Russia. [53], In 2005, Russian was the most widely taught foreign language in Mongolia,[73] and was compulsory in Year 7 onward as a second foreign language in 2006.[20]. [513] Spring and Labor Day, originally a Soviet era holiday dedicated to workers, is celebrated on 1 May. The standard language, based on the Moscow dialect, possesses heavy stress and moderate variation in pitch. Russia has also sought to increase its influence in the Middle East, most significantly through military intervention in the Syrian civil war. [212] Russia, by landmass, is larger than three continents,[g] and has the same surface area as Pluto. Russian emergency services told the state-run news agency Interfax that the sergeant accidentally detonated a hand grenade which caused ammunition to blow up and started a fire. [326][327] Chechens and Ingush in Russian prisons reportedly take more abuse than other ethnic groups. [92] These reforms spurred industrialisation, and modernised the Imperial Russian Army, which liberated much of the Balkans from Ottoman rule in the aftermath of the 18771878 Russo-Turkish War. [593], Russian cuisine has been formed by climate, cultural and religious traditions, and the vast geography of the nation; and it shares similarities with the cuisines of its neighbouring countries. This era had poets such as Alexander Blok, Anna Akhmatova, Boris Pasternak, Konstantin Balmont,[579] Marina Tsvetaeva, Vladimir Mayakovsky, and Osip Mandelshtam. In a statement, the military said the soldiers "went together to Hell" after they were struck by missiles. [35] In the 19th century (in Russia until 1917), the language was often called "Great Russian" to distinguish it from Belarusian, then called "White Russian" and Ukrainian, then called "Little Russian". [148] After Stalin's death in 1953 and a short period of collective rule, the new leader Nikita Khrushchev denounced Stalin and launched the policy of de-Stalinization, releasing many political prisoners from the Gulag labor camps. They are the ", "Article 68. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for global ideological influence; the Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space. [43], In the 3rd to 4th centuries CE, the Gothic kingdom of Oium existed in southern Russia, which was later overrun by Huns. [503] The nation has also made pioneering contributions to science and technology and space exploration. [473] An additional two or three years of schooling are required for the secondary-level certificate, and some seven-eighths of Russians continue their education past this level. WebRussian language, Russian Russki yazyk, principal state and cultural language of Russia. It retains its classical and Soviet-era architecture; while boasting high art, world class ballet, and modern skyscrapers. [236] Although in decline, the country still has many ecosystems which are still onsidered intact forest; mainly in the northern taiga areas, and the subarctic tundra of Siberia. [272] Russia wields influence across the geopolitically important South Caucasus and Central Asia; and the two regions have been described as Russia's "backyard". [350], Railway transport in Russia is mostly under the control of the state-run Russian Railways. [400], Nikolai Vavilov was best known for having identified the centres of origin of cultivated plants. [51] 30% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 2% used it as the main language with family, friends, or at work. [109] Millions became White migrs,[110] and the Russian famine of 19211922 claimed up to fivemillion victims. [7][8][9] It has some official roles, being permitted in official documentation and is the lingua franca of the country and the language of the elite. [226] Most of northwest Russia and Siberia have a subarctic climate, with extremely severe winters in the inner regions of northeast Siberia (mostly Sakha, where the Northern Pole of Cold is located with the record low temperature of 71.2C or 96.2F),[219] and more moderate winters elsewhere. )[citation needed]. Learn how and when to remove this template message, seventh-most spoken language by number of native speakers, eighth-most spoken language by total number of speakers, Geographical distribution of Russian speakers, seventh-largest in the world by number of speakers, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, List of official languages by institution, International Civil Aviation Organization, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Organization for Standardization, Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language, Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language, Ministry of Education and Science (Russia), List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language, "The Change of the Name of the Russian Language in Russian from Rossiiskii to Russkii: Did Politics Have Anything to Do with It? .: , 1987. [514], Victory Day, which honors Soviet victory over Nazi Germany and the End of World War II in Europe, is celebrated as an annual large parade in Moscow's Red Square;[515] and marks the famous Immortal Regiment civil event. WebRussian ( s) refers to anything related to Russia, including: Russians ( , russkiye ), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries. Source: Energoatom, Ukraine's state company that runs all nuclear power plants in this country Quote: "The Russian invaders in the satellite city [419] Russia had 172 active satellites in space in April 2022, the world's third-highest. [51] 28% of the population was fluent in Russian in 2006, and 7% used it as the main language with family, friends or at work. [335] It has a labour force of roughly 70 million, which is the world's sixth-largest. It maintains diplomatic relations with 190 United Nations member states, four partially-recognised states, and three United Nations observer states; along with 144 embassies. [citation needed], The language possesses five vowels (or six, under the St.Petersburg Phonological School), which are written with different letters depending on whether the preceding consonant is palatalized. [403] Vladimir Zworykin was the inventor of the iconoscope and kinescope television systems. Russian peasants, the great majority of the population, continued to speak in their own dialects. (Ty syel pechnye? Fighting continues after a 36-hour Russian-proposed ceasefire which Ukraine dismissed as a cynical ploy ended overnight Saturday. [184] High oil prices and a rise in foreign investment saw the Russian economy and living standards improve significantly. [52] The World Factbook notes that Russian is widely used in government and business. [352] As of 2016[update], Russia has the world's fifth-largest road network, with 1.5 millionkm of roads,[353] while its road density is among the world's lowest. Others divide the language into three groupings, Northern, Central (or Middle), and Southern, with Moscow lying in the Central region. Besides being taught at universities and schools, there were also educational programs on the radio and TV. [citation needed]. [199], The European Parliament designated Russia as a state sponsor of terrorism and as a state that "uses means of terrorism" in November 2022, citing attacks against civilians, war crimes, and atrocities. ", Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, "Nikolay BasovNobel Prize for Lasers and Masers", Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society, "Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov: Plant Geographer, Geneticist, Martyr of Science", "Lysenko and Russian genetics: an alternative view", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, "Theodosius Grigorievich Dobzhansky, 25 January 1900 18 December 1975", Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, "The Distinguished Life and Career of George Gamow", Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, United States Government Publishing Office, "Remembering Laika, Space Dog and Soviet Hero", "The First Earthlings Around the Moon Were Two Soviet Tortoises", "Soft Landing of Venera 7 on the Venus Surface and Preliminary Results of Investigations of the Venus Atmosphere", 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0263:SLOVOT>2.0.CO;2, "50 Years Ago: Launch of Salyut, the World's First Space Station", "Russian Federation Contribution of travel and tourism to GDP (% of GDP), 19952019", "48 hours in . 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